The CSS Box Model

All HTML elements can be considered as boxes. In CSS, the term "box model" is used when talking about design and layout. The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around HTML elements, and it consists of: margins, borders, padding, and the actual content. The box model allows us to place a border around elements and space elements in relation to other elements. The image below illustrates the box model: Explanation of the different...

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Table Borders

To specify table borders in CSS, use the border property. The example below specifies a black border for table, th, and td elements: table, th, td{border: 1px solid black...

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Different List Item Markers

The type of list item marker is specified with the list-style-type property: ul.a {list-style-type: circle;}ul.b {list-style-type: square;}ol.c {list-style-type: upper-roman;}ol.d {list-style-type: lower-alpha;} Some of the values are for unordered lists, and some for ordered lis...

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List

In HTML, there are two types of lists: unordered lists - the list items are marked with bullets ordered lists - the list items are marked with numbers or letters With CSS, lists can be styled further, and images can be used as the list item marke...

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Styling Links

Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color, font-family, background, etc.). Special for links are that they can be styled differently depending on what state they are in. The four links states are: a:link - a normal, unvisited link a:visited - a link the user has visited a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it a:active - a link the moment it is clicked a:link {color:#FF0000;}      /* unvisited link */a:visited {color:#00FF00;}  /* visited link */a:hover {color:#FF00FF;}  /* mouse over link...

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Font Family

The font family of a text is set with the font-family property. The font-family property should hold several font names as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font. Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let the browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other fonts are available. Note: If the name of a font family is more than one word, it must be in quotation marks, like font-family: "Times New Roman". More than one font family is specified in a comma-separated...

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CSS Font

Difference Between Serif and Sans-serif Fonts  On computer screens, sans-serif fonts are considered easier to read than serif font...

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Text Color

The color property is used to set the color of the text. With CSS, a color is most often specified by: a HEX value - like "#ff0000" an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)" a color name - like "red" Look at CSS Color Values for a complete list of possible color values. The default color for a page is defined in the body selector. body {color:blue;}h1 {color:#00ff00;}h2 {color:rgb(255,0,0);} ...

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Background Image - Set position and no-repeat

 When using a background image, use an image that does not disturb the text. Showing the image only once is specified by the background-repeat property: body{background-image:url('img_tree.png');background-repeat:no-repeat;} In the example above, the background image is shown in the same place as the text. We want to change the position of the image, so that it does not disturb the text too much. The position of the image is specified by...

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CSS Background

CSS background properties are used to define the background effects of an element. CSS properties used for background effects: background-color background-image background-repeat background-repeat-horizontally-or-verticall...

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Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet: External style sheet Internal style sheet Inline styl...

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Background Image - Repeat Horizontally or Vertically

By default, the background-image property repeats an image both horizontally and vertically. Some images should be repeated only horizontally or vertically, or they will look strange, like this: body{background-image:url('gradient2.png');} If the image is repeated only horizontally (repeat-x), the background will look better: body{background-image:url('gradient2.png');background-repeat:repeat-x...

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Background Image

The background-image property specifies an image to use as the background of an element. By default, the image is repeated so it covers the entire element. The background image for a page can be set like this: body {background-image:url('paper.gif');} Below is an example of a bad combination of text and background image. The text is almost not readable: body {background-image:url('bgdesert.jpg')...

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Background Color

The background-color property specifies the background color of an element. The background color of a page is defined in the body selector: body {background-color:#b0c4de;} With CSS, a color is most often specified by: a HEX value - like "#ff0000" an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)" a color name - like "red" Look at CSS Color Values for a complete list of possible color values. In the example below, the h1, p, and div elements have different background colors: h1 {background-color:#6495ed;}p {background-color:#e0ffff;}div ...

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Inline Styles

An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly! To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph: <p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a paragraph.</p> ...

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Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this: <head><style>hr {color:sienna;}p {margin-left:20px;}body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}</style></head&...

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External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section: <head><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"></head> An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file...

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The class Selector

The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class selector is most often used on several elements. This allows you to set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class. The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "." In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned: .center {text-align:center;} You can also...

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The id Selector

The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique element. The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is defined with a "#". The style rule below will be applied to the element with id="para1": #para1{text-align:center;color:red;}  Do NOT start an ID name with a number! It will not work in Mozilla/Firefo...

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CSS Comments

Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers. A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/", like this: /*This is a comment*/ p { text-align:center; /*This is another comment*/ color:black; font-family:arial; ...

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CSS Syntax

A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations: The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style. Each declaration consists of a property and a value. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value....

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